[Evaluation of osteoporosis preventive factors in menopausal women referred to the health care centers of Ilam university of medical sciences in 2004]

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that cause bone fracture. Menopause is the most important risk factors for osteoporosis. This disease is prevalent in menopausal women [50%] because of estrogen deficiency and less bone mass in menopausal period. The aim of this study was to determine the osteoporosis preventive factors in menopausal women referred to the health care centers of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. This research was an analytical-descriptive study, in which 150 menopausal women were selected by random sampling method as population of the study. The data were collected by interview, observation and physical examinations, using specific questionnaires and check lists. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher tests using SPSS software. The result of this study showed that%90 of the samples did not exercise,%92.7 have not consumed enough calcium and just%45.3 of the samples used to exposed in sunlight. These women also suffered from joint pain [%76.7], back pain [%47.3], and muscular weakness [%42.7]. In addition, our results showed that age [P<0.05], amount of calcium intakes in 24 hour [P<0.05], previous history of bone fracture in family [P<0.01], amount of vitamin D intakes [P<0.01] and steroid drugs [P<0.05] could have influences on osteoporosis intensity, but other variables did not show an influence on osteoporosis intensity [P>0.05]. The finding of this study showed a weak performance of menopausal women for preventing the risk factors causing osteoporosis. Thus, more training should be in considered for menopausal women to reduce osteoporosis among them

Comparison of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility rates in common bacterial urinary tract infections isolates from patients at Firouzgar Hospital [Tehran Iran] between 1997-1998 and 2003-2004

Urinary tract infections [UTIs] remain a worldwide infection problem. Geographic variations in pathogen frequency and susceptibility profiles require monitoring to provide information to guide new therapeutic options. The aims of this study were to assess the changes of the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of UTI bacterial pathogens, over a 6-years period. Retrospective study of prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility patterns by the disc diffusion technique, was done as defined by the National Committee for Clinical laboratory Standards [NCCLS] which were isolated in cultures of urine of adult patients of Firouzgar Hospital, in 1997-1998 and 2003-2004. Out of 2914 and 3895 urine specimens, 309 [10.6%] and 853 [21.9%] were culture positive in 1997-1998 and 2003-2004, respectively. E coli was the most common urinary isolate [42.1% and 46.9%] in these years. The antibiotic susceptibility rates for all gram negative bacilli in 1997-98 and 2003- 2004 were: Amikacin [87.7%, 94.7%], Ciprofloxacin [91.4%, 87.1%], Nitronirantoine [66.8, 52.9%], Nalidixic Acid [73.1%, 62.6%], Co-trimoxazole [37.5%, 30.6%], Tetracyclin [27.9%, 6.2%], Ampicillin [4%, 1.1%], Gentamicin [72.1%], Ceftizoxime [72.5%] Also the antibiotic susceptibility rates, commonly in community acquired UTIs, were higher than nosocomial UTIs. Overall susceptibility testing demonstrated decreased usefulness of common antibiotics which indicate need to monitoring antibiotics susceptibility and re-evaluation of antibiotics used in the therapy of UTIs. Also strict control on the use of antibiotics and appropriate measures against over the counter availability and self medication is recommended